Tokyo trials high-speed magnetic rail
August 30, 2013 Bloomberg
Japan is resuming trial runs for the world's fastest magnetic-levitation train that will complement the Shinkansen bullet-train network when ready in 2027.
Central Japan Railway plans to begin work on the 5.1 trillion yen ($51 billion) maglev line between Tokyo and Nagoya as early as April. Trial runs resumed on Thursday after the company spent five years building a 24-kilometre extension of a test track. The trains can run at speeds of up to 500 kilometres per hour.
The maglevs will whisk passengers to Nagoya, a city of 2.3 million people, from Tokyo in as little as 40 minutes for the 286-kilometre journey, from as short as 95 minutes now, according to JR Central. Faced with the challenge of tunneling under Tokyo's skyscrapers and Japanese Alps, the project is unlikely to be completed on time even as Japan's population is projected to shrink..
"I think it's going to be finished very, very late," said Edwin Merner, president of Atlantis Investment Research in Tokyo, which manages about $3 billion in assets. "If the population projections are correct, then the use of the bullet train will go down."
Digging tunnels
Maglevs use magnetic power to propel trains that float above the ground, travelling at almost double the 270 km/h of current bullet trains between the two cities.
To make the line straight enough for that speed, the company has to dig 248 kilometres of tunnels, or almost five times the length of Europe's 50-kilometre Channel Tunnel.
"We're not using radically new technology for the tunnels," said Teruyoshi Nagashima, a Tokyo-based spokesman for JR Central. "We'll start work on it when we get permission," he said, declining to say exactly when the building work would start.
Concerns about high construction costs and uncertain demand have fueled resistance to plans for high-speed rail in countries including the US and the UK. California is struggling to lay tracks for an $86 billion high-speed line after Congress cut off 2012 funds for such projects. The California High-Speed Rail Authority has also been working to settle lawsuits challenging the project.
London to Birmingham
The UK government is facing resistance to plans for a high-speed link between London and Birmingham, scheduled to open in 2026 before being extended to Manchester and Leeds. The UK Institute of Directors has called on the government to abandon the plans, arguing that its 50 billion-pound ($87 billion) price tag is too steep.
Unlike those projects, JR Central's maglev line won't depend on government financing. The company says it will use cash flow, the highest of any railway operator in the world, along with loans and bonds to fund the project.
JR Central had free cash flow, or money from operations minus capital spending, of $US2.95 billion in the fiscal year ended March. That compares with $US2.42 billion at Union Pacific, the largest US railroad by sales, according to data compiled by Bloomberg.
The Japanese company, whose bullet trains carried more passengers last year than any airline in the world, predicts net income will rise 11 per cent to 222 billion yen this fiscal year. It has made a profit every year since it was listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange in 1997.
"JR Central's bullet train is a cash cow," said Shinichi Yamazaki, an analyst at Okasan Securities Group Inc. "They have access to enough money, including loans, to pay for the project. They could even build it faster, but looking at their finances, it's better to aim for 2027."
JR Central will issue 5-year, 10-year and 20-year bonds in equal amounts to help finance the project, according to the company. The rail operator is rated Aa3 by Moody's Investors Service, the same as the Japanese government.
The company had 2.9 trillion yen in interest-bearing debt at the end of March and has said it plans to ensure total debt doesn't exceed 5 trillion yen. Its debt peaked at 5.5 trillion yen in fiscal 1991.
Worldwide, two maglev lines are already operating. In Shanghai, a train built with technology developed by Siemens and ThyssenKrupp whisks passengers along at 431 km/h from Pudong International Airport to the outskirts of the city's financial district. A low-speed version called Linimo, with a top speed of 100 km/h, started operations on an 8.9 km track in Nagoya in 2005.
Largest metropolis
The maglev set to resume trial runs is the fastest train in the world, with a record speed of 581 km/h.
The new line may benefit from projections showing that even as Japan's total population declines, Tokyo's will continue to grow as more people move to the capital. The number of people living in Tokyo prefecture is predicted to increase to 13.4 million by 2020 from 13.2 million in 2010.
The greater Tokyo region's population exceeds 35 million, making it the world's largest metropolis. With a planned extension from Nagoya to Osaka by 2045, the maglev line would put 64 million people within commuting distance of each other, according to the train operator.
JR Central predicts a maglev service will help persuade people to fly less and reduce reliance on highways. Fares between Tokyo and Nagoya will be about 700 yen more than the current bullet train, the company has said.
"There may not be a lot of new passengers to Nagoya, but when it's extended to Osaka there could be a significant business demand," Ryota Himeno, an analyst at Barclays Securities Japan. "Tokyo is becoming more expensive and crowded, and so companies might move some operations to Osaka once it opens. It all depends on the frequency and capacity of the maglev trains."
"Faster than a speeding bullet train: Japan is testing a maglev (magnetic levitation) train capable of reach speeds up to 581 km/h."
